FUTURE TENSE

1)      THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

a.      Form

I/ WE        SHALL + INFINITIVE

YOU/ THEY/ HE/ SHE/ IT         WILL + INFINITIVE

b.      Use

1)      To express an action that takes place at some definite future time.

Example  :

·         I shall write a letter tomorrow

·         He will post the letter by ten

·         Will you help me toorrow ?

2)      To express a future habitual action or future state.

Example  :

·         He will go to school by bus next month

·         They will attend the meeting next year

·         The famer will plough their rice next winter.

2)      FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

a.      Form

SHALL/ WILL/ BE/ PRESENT PARTICIPLE

b.      Use

It is used to express an action which is still in progress at the certain time in the future.

Example  :

·         Come to my house at sevent o’clock tomorrow, i shall be waiting for you.

·         They will be studying at this school in a few years

·         We shall be speaking English this evening

·         Ahmad will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.

3)      FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

a.      Form

SHALL/ WILL/ HAVE/ PAST PARTICIPLE

b.      Use

It is used to express an action which will be completed at the certain time in the future.

Example  :

·         Deni will have written all the letters before she comes.

·         I will have met my loyal friend by next week.

·         I shall have finished my work by tomorrow.

4)      FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

a.      Form

SHALL/ WILL + HAVE + BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

b.      Use

It is to express a durative or habitual action that is taking place in the present and that will continue into the future up until or through a specific future time.

Example  :

·         I shall have been watching TV for two hours by the time my father gets home from his office.

·         On the New Year she will have been living with us for five month.

·         By the end of this year we shall have been studying Japanese for two years.

PAST TENSE

1)      SIMPLE PAST TENSE

a.      Form

I/ WE/ YOU/ THEY

HE/ SHE/ IT         + PAST TENSE

b.      Use

1)      To express an activity in a definite time in the past

Example :

·         He was born in 1964

·         She came here yesterday

·         I saw good panorama last week.

2)      To express past habitual activities

Example :

·         Ali always worked hard when he was young

·         We always played basket ball during our academic years.

2)      PAST CONTINUES TENSES

a.      Form

I/ HE/ SHE/ IT                  + WAS + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

WE/ YOU/ THEY            + WERE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

b.      Use

1)      To express an activity in the past which is interrupted by another activity.

Example  :

·         They were watching TV when some body knocked at the door

·         While i was bathing in the river i heard a ferful cry

2)      To express two activities in the past that happens in the same time.

Example  :

·         Ali was reading a magazine while Johan was writing letters.

·         When you called me. I was listening to the radio.

3)      PAST PERFECT TENSE

a.      Form

HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE

b.      Use

To express an activity which is completed before another activity in the past.

Example  :

·         He had arrived at home before it rained.

·         Anggi went home after she had bought some books.

·         I had copied my lesson before the exam began.

4)      PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

a.      Form

HAD + BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE

b.      Use

It use to denote an action beginning in the past time and was still in progress at certain time in the past also.

Example  :

·         When Bobby came, Kevin had been working for two hours.

·         Before he entered the exam, he had been studying hard for a month.

·         The children had been playing in the garden the whole morning, before their mother called me.

PRESENT TENSE

1)      PRESENT TENSE

            Simple present tense (Waktu sekarang sederhana) menjelaskan peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana atau suatu pekerjaan/perbuatan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang, atau kebiasaan sehari-hari.

            Rumus : S + Verb 1 (s/es) + O + Adveb

            Ciri-ciri keterangan umum :

-          Every day

-          Every sunday

-          Every month

-          Every year

a.       Dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuata yang dilakukan karena kebiasaan.

Example :

·         I go to school everyday

= Saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari

·         He usually eat an egg for breakfast

=  Ia biasanya makan sebutir telur untuk makan pagi

·         He sweeps the floor every morning

=  Dia menyapu lantai setiap pagi

b.      Dipakai untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum yang tidak dapat dibantah.

Example :

·         A week has seven days

=  Seminggu ada tujuh hari

·         The sun rises in the east

=  Matahari terbit disebelah timur

·         The sun shines by day, and the moon by night

=  Matahari bersinar pada siang hari, dan bulan pada malam hari

2)      PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

            Present continous tense (Waktu berlangsung sekarang) menjelaskan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.

            Rumus : S + To be (am/are/is) + Verb (Ing) + O + Adverb

            Ciri-ciri keterangan umum :

-          Now

-          Riht now

-          To day

-          At this moment

a.       Dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang berlansung.

Example :

·         They are studying English now

=  Mereka sedang mempelajari bahasa Inggris sekarang

·         She is listening the radio at the moment

= Dia sedang mendengar radio saat ini

b.      Dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang bersifat sementara.

Example :

·         She is reading now but she will write soon

= Ia sedang membaca sekarang tetapi ia akan segera menulis

c.        Dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang dimaksud pada waktu yang akan datang.

Example :

·         We are writing again in a few weeks

=  Kami akan mengirimkan surat lagi dalam beberapa minggu

3)      PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

            Present perfect tense (Waktu selesai sekarang) menjelaskan peristiwa yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau yang masih ada hubungannya dengan masa sekarang.

            Rumus : S + Have/Has + Verb 3 + O + Adverb

            Ciri-ciri keterangan umum :

-          Since 1995

-          For three hours

-          Just now

a.       Dipakai untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan masih ada kaitannya dengan waktu sekarang.

Example :

·         He has taught English since five years ago

= Ia telah mengajarkan bahasa Inggris sejak lima tahun yang lalu

·         I have lived here for three years

= Saya telah tinggal disini  selama tiga tahun

b.      Menyatakan peristiwa yang telah terjadi/ baru saja terjadi

Example :

·         I have seen it

= Saya telah melihatnya

·         They have finished their home work

= Mereka baru saja telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan mereka

4)      PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

            Present perfect continous ( Waktu selesai sedang berlangsung sekarang) menjelaskan perbuatan yang sedang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih belangung hingga sekarang.

            Rumus : S + Have + Been + Verb 1 + Ing

            Ciri-ciri keterangan umum :

-           All week

-          All day

-          Since

-          For ten years

            Example :

·         I have been staying at his place this month

= Saya telah sedang tinggal di rumahnya bulan ini

·         We have been waiting for you since eight o’clock

= Kami telah sedang menunggu anda sejak pukul delapan

·         She has been studying English for over three years

= Ia telah sedang mempelajari bahasa Inggris selama lebih dari tiga tahun.